Phraseologisms in Modern Russian: A Corpus-Based Analysis of Structural, Semantic, and Functional Dynamics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19471622Ключевые слова:
phraseologisms, Russian language, corpus linguistics, semantic fields, diachronic analysis, register variation, idioms, collocations, language change, L2 acquisitionАннотация
This study presents a comprehensive corpus-based investigation of phraseologisms in modern Russian,
examining their structural classification, semantic distribution, register variation, and diachronic dynamics from the 1950s
to the 2020s. Drawing on a dataset of 4,720 phraseological units extracted from the Russian National Corpus (RNC), the
research employs quantitative frequency analysis, semantic field mapping, and conceptual metaphor theory to provide a
multidimensional portrait of the Russian phraseological system. The analysis reveals that verbal phraseologisms constitute
the dominant type (38.4%), while the semantic field of emotions and feelings accounts for the largest thematic cluster
(28.3%). A significant diachronic trend is identified: traditional phraseologisms have declined from 42.1 to 23.4 per 10,000
tokens over seven decades, while neologistic phraseologisms have surged from 2.3 to 31.2. Additionally, a cross-register
comparison demonstrates that colloquial speech and social media show the highest phraseological density, whereas
academic and official discourse remains markedly low. An L2 comprehension experiment (N = 190) further establishes
that phraseological competence follows a non-linear progression across CEFR levels, with the recognition-production
gap narrowing significantly only at C1 and above
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