The Use of Problem-Based Learning Methods in Delivering High-Quality Education in Schools

Аннотация

The present article examines problem-based learning as a pedagogical model with the aim of fostering independent,
critical, and creative thinking among learners. The theoretical foundations of the approach are described, as
are its historical development and methodological underpinnings. The ideas of Socrates, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and
John Dewey are also discussed. It is demonstrated that problem-based learning is contingent on heuristic techniques
and involves the organisation of relatively autonomous exploratory activity. During this activity, students encounter contradictions,
formulate problems, carry out purposeful cognitive exploration, and develop logically sound solutions. The
pedagogical conditions for effectiveness are highlighted, namely: high subject-specific and methodological competence
on the part of the teacher, clear formulation of objectives and assessment criteria, and the use of modern pedagogical
technologies and ICT. The advantages (stimulation of intellectual and practical activity, development of analytical and
creative skills) and limitations of the method (demanding requirements regarding students’ level of preparation, significant
time expenditure) are described, and the combination of problem-based learning with other forms of teaching, as well as
the didactic regulation of its application, are recommended